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During the second half of the 20th century, the U.S. government's concern about oil and gas supplies and access to them became a growing issue. The U.S. did have some regional interests, but they were dwarfed by its need to protect the oil supplies of Iraq from falling out of its control. In order to convince Americans that such steps were necessary, the U.S. government, in the time period before the Persian Gulf War, used media outlets and other sources of information to disseminate war propaganda.
Historian Bernard Lewis, in his 1992 article, "Rethinking the Middle East," has argued that, following World War II, the U.S. did not have an imperial appetite and, thus, in the decades after the war, did not actively pursue a large presence in the Middle East.
Following the Iranian Revolution of 1979 and the Iranian hostage crisis, the U.S. government came to see the Iranians as its principle rival in the Middle East. The administrations of Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush wanted Iraq to serve as an engine of war to shatter “Islamic fundamentalism.”
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